Bài Writing chính thức trong Cambridge IELTS 18–21

The graph shows how changes are occupations in four different kind of jobs in the US from 1960 to 2020. In 1960, the number of Manufacturing is the highest in these four sectors, 15 millions, and the second highest is Retail and Agriculture as a same number (5 million). I can see the hugh gap between highest number of occupations and second's in 1960. Moreover, Healthcare is lowest number at approximately 2.5 million. Firstly, the number of healthcare increace dramatically rather than the other three sectors. People who work as a healthcare had grown more than six times in 60 years, which is the highest number in 2020 with Retail sector. Furthermore, the number of Retail is also great rise. Manufacturing was most common jobs in 1960, however these declined from 15 million to 13 million in 2020. In addition, Agriculture was third highest in 1960 and had decreased 6 million to 2 million, which is the lowest in 2020. To sum up, it can be seen that the economy in the US changed significantly in 60 years from 1960 to 2020, and at the same time occupations had been altered.

Firstly, tall apartment blocks economize land area since it makes use of its vertical space compared to multiple residential areas which waste a major portion of area, multiple apartments can squeeze in more homes at each floor. Besides, heavily populated cities are rife with locals and expatriates seeking a place to live in a while they go about their business there. By utilising the apartment's geometrical structure, more homes can be provided for them at a cheaper cost. Moreover, apartment blocks usually offer homes at a price lower than the ones set for onland homes. Bungalows, semi-detached, double story houses and others would usually be a pain in the wallet for someone without a stable or sufficient income, much like those who are new to the city. By building more apartments, more affordable housing can be accessed by many layers of the society. To paint a picture, we can visualize an example of a rookie worker at a major firm in a big city like Kuala Lumpur. He or she might not be planning to permanently reside there and raise a family but they definitely have the option of a stable house to return to at the end of a day's work. For families, they definitely can benefit the most as they do not have to pay a throat-choking price while still juggling the cost of raising children and dealing with bills and taxes. In conclusion, governments should implement an urban-planning scheme which involve building more tall apartment blocks in large cities. In doing so, the percentage of homelessness may decrease largely. Not only that, the productivity of the city will improve and boost the country's overall economy. Homes are crucial for a harmonious and safe community as well as healing one's mental health. Although there may be other mechanisms in place to achieve this common goal, I still stand firm with my reasons.

The maps display how the café changes after it was redeveloped. It compares how as it is now and as it is before redisign. First of all before the modifications, we can see that there was a kitchen and a serving area at the top left hand corner of the café. Then, in the midle, there was the seatting area, and just above, two staff dining rooms. After that, just at the bottom of the entrance, there was bin and there were the toilets. However we can see that now, the bins have been changed into recycling bins. In addition, the staff dining rooms have been replaced with a take away food and a coffee bar. Although the seating area hasn't been modificated, on the left side, a salad bar has been added. At the top left-hand corner, the kitchen remains the same, while the serving area has been transformed into hot meals. Finally, a outdoor seating area and a barbecue have been constructed at the bottom of the café.

People have differing views about the significance of the theatres and cinemas in the present age of technology. While some argue that there are no need for theatres and cinemas when it is possible to have access to online version of everything, in my opinion, that facilities are still of paramount importance for both people and economics. On the one hand, people today are able to watch any content they want through Internet without spending a lot of time and money. Firstly, using electronic devise and social platforms makes it possible for users to watch any movies or films at any time they want. Shows and films are put at a certain time in cinemas, theatres which is not suitable for everyone. But if people use internet they can ensure the flexibility. Secondly, prices that have to be paid to enter cinemas and theatres are not affordable for many people. However, through using the Internet, to watch a movie or film can be much cheaper. On the other hand, I, however argue that theatres and cinemas still have their significant part in terms of environment and financial benefits. For example, cinemas are provided with very big screens which can make people feel themselves inside the movie and in theatres watchers would enjoy the shows and and performances done by real actors, which is impossible to do in computers and mobile phone screens. On top of this, public theatres can bring the money that can be spent on public needs. New roads and other facilities can be erected for public use with the financial funds taken from those cinemas, theatres. In conclusion, theatres and cinemas can be refered as non-useful places due to the developments in modern technologies but I believe that the use of them would bring a lot of advantages to bot people and society.

How is the process for rain-shadow appears in deserts the image below is the explanation about the formation of rain-shadow in this desert in specific. The first that i can see is the thousand of kilometeres between the sea and the inland behind the mountains. This is important because the process have a lot of steps and the distance gives time to all of them. First of all, the clouds are formed because the winds from the sea arrove to the coast and grow up until the top of mountain while the moist air are rise and cool. Moreover on the top of mountain starts to rains. Then, the dry air continues over the mountain until the below part. This part saids inland areas finally, in this part when the dry winds founds the inland areas, the rain-shadow desert appears.

As the number of educated people is continually growing, universities attempt to make the process of studying (and it's result) as efficient as possible. Among the ideas to improve the conditions of students are the thoughts that all undergraduate courses should include a period of time spent studying abroad or doing a work placement. A number of higher education establishments have already implemented these ideas into life. However, this is the advantage of developed contries, whose economy allows them spent money on this aspect. Unfortunately, Ukraine is not among their number. Yet. Weighing up the pluses and minuses of such strategies one can't but mention that advantages prevail. Firstly, going abroad, a student gets the opportunity to compare the approaches and levels of education. Moreover, undergraduates, who are still polishing their skills, have the chance to practice them in the completely new environment and probably see new horizons of their future career. In addition to the above mentioned reasons, let us consider the fact of cultural enrichment. What concerns doing a work placement most of us will agree with the opinion, that theory and practice are two polar sides of any job. The possibility to try yourself in several work positions or even fields gives mostly advantages, allowing students to fit themselves into the real profession, opposing to those which are so wonderfully depicted in films and books. Moreover, a lot of people spend their whole life doing a job they do not really enjoy. So, why spend time on something you are not that good at? There are definitely the drawbacks of such ideas, one of them being economical inability of education system to provide such courses for undergraduates in ALL universities. However, the fact that developed countries are already moving forward in that direction gives us hope that in short or long time this strategy will become wide spread and even will be taken by us as granted. After all, what to invest money in if not in young people, the future of humanity.

In this chart, we can see a representation of categories and satisfaction of library users, the first feature that we pay attention is the users majority take part of full-time undergraduate and full-time post-graduate, such as they probably are the biggest data of library satisfaction, since very satisfied until not satisfied, also post-graduate students would need more special materials to hardest researchs and learning method, Even thought undergraduates students, fresh or veteran, are o their initial academic career, both categaries look satisfied with the library between another may, as the fact they use it more than once during a day. On the other hand, academic staff is the lowest data categorie that use the library, with a percentage of 17%, the reason beyond this effect is because the staffs must to focus on their work, so they probally use the library on their free-time, however, distance learning students have a 8% percentage, both categaries have a 1% difference percentage, which explain they took a little part of satisfaction research, distance learning have a low percentage because the fact they also access online materials. Finally, part-time postgraduate students are the medium date, with a 16% percentage. where they would use the libraray to classroom researchs or homeworks.

Nowadays individuals are arguing that primary schools pay a lot of attention to the formal methods of learning. I partially agree with this point of view, however I think play is extremely crucial in the classroom full of primary students. To begin with, formal learning plays an important role, since it teaches the student about being disciplined and respectful to everyone. Discipline and respect are two most important skills we need in our life that schools teaches us in a way of formal learning. Getting into details, these skills make people succeed in their lives. If we look at the example of successfull people today they all have these two qualities in common. Moreover formal learning helps us to test the ability of a student by conducting an exam in a formal way, which shows us how much has a student learnt and how much is the student capable of doing. On the other hand, I believe that too formal education is not the best way of learning. Considering the stage of the life in which primary students belong, we need to realize that fun is a crucial part of it. Being extremely formal blocks that fun from a student's life. So instead of schools being strict about formal ways of learning they should promote fun methods of teaching. For example, mind games other other video games, colours, paints and other activities will also teach student but in a enjoyable way. These activities will also promote the important skills such as social skills, creative skills and other beneficial skills we need in our daily lives. Furthermore, if we consider it deeply it will also prevent boredom and will motivate the student to have a passion for lifelong learning. last but not the least, play in the primary classroom has a huge importance on it's own. which gives the student this freedom to enjoy learning. In conclusion, formal learning has it's importance till some extent but sometimes it is a necessity to be informal. And schools should be focused at both of the methods of learning.

Dear Sir or Madam, Lately i’ve been encountering some major problems regarding my neighbour, who also rents his flat from you. The issue started since last week and involves on him making really loud noises late at night while he is probably playing videogames. The noise produced by him is hugely impacting on my sleep schedule and quality, with me having problems on falling asleep and also having multiple interruptions throughout the night, which is impacting my overall mood and disposition during the day. I reached the point in which i had to visit a doctor in order to check my headaches that is giving me through the day, caused mainly by my low quality sleep. I would like to kndly request you to please message or phone the renter explaining how his behaviour is disturbing all other of his neighbours and also soliticiting him how we can come to a solution to this problem.

It is argued that the change in people’s habits and opinions occurs as they get older. In my opinion, I strongly believe that this statement is true because people are constantly expose to external stimulations and strongly affected by this. Throughout the long period of human life, people experience numerous events and have relation with countless people. When people reads a certain book whether it is interesting for them or not, people tend to develop some kind of notion in their mind. This also happens when encountering a piece of artwork in a gallery or somewhere. People may be struck by it and have an impression on it, which leads to gaining of knowledge. Moreover, socialising with people has a similar effect. Through communications, one could develop their current idea or revise their thoughts by being expose to other people’s opinion. It is obvious that we are easily affected by others. Human habits are highly dependant on current circumstances. Once people have an ailment, their eating habits has to be changed to a healthier one and they might have a regular exercise from then. If they change their goals for the future like going to universities, they would have to introduce themselves with a reading or studying habit. When I was in high school, I changed my aiming university from a lower level to a higher level. As a result, this made me change my studying habit to a very intense one. In conclusion, people easily change their habits and opinion, because people think it it better to do it by instinct.

Dear Sir or Madam I have been enjoying long walks in the near countryside for years. Admiring the thriving nature is a great pleasure. I love observing wild animals roaming around and take pictures of them. It is my passion and it gives me much happiness. The countryside is a place where I can forget about the problems of my everyday life. I am sure that it brings everyone joy. However recently I have started noticing large piles of rubbish being left around the place. I have found enormous amounts of plastic bags, bottles, containers and even tires. Not only does it destroy the beauty of the countryside’s landscape, but it also destroys the delicate environment of the place. The litter can be dangerous to animals. I have found things such as gasoline containers. The problem has to be dealt with immidiately. I would support having people pay fines for leving the rubbish in such places. The town council could also set up cameras, to catch such people. Another way of dealing with the problem could also be sending police patrols to control the situation. I hope my proposition will be considered Sincerely, XYZ

In this globalised eon, without any qualms that the Olympics or the football World cup, are a good way to bring countries together. Some people coincide that others say that these events created competition, not friendship, between countries. Howbeit, I debunk from them to proffer that, I believe that international sports events, are a good way to bring countries together. All the teams are playing very well and all the countries teams, and team members are well-mannered. Compelling the obtainable avidances to demonstrate that some peopls thinking are worng becaus it’s just game’s and if all the member playing personality, concrete the reason is if any team or team member showed bad behave and they represent thier country. To go hand in hand which drag me to persist is the team member should behave good whenever they loss the match. To the snopsiye, I put the pen it’s a just entertainment show for others how they teams play. In the last, In my opinion people shouldn’t more serious about games. When you loss the game you should apperiate and congratulate the winning team.

Dear Sir Kowalski, I am writing in connection with a series of free concerts that took place this summer in our local park. You asked me to attend one of the concerts and wanted me to give you feedback about it. I have to say that there were many interesting concerts and I had a huge problem choosing one of them. I wanted to go to each concert but I chose only one I had time to go there. The name of the music group was Kensington – just like the Palace in the United Kingdom. There were four young men. Two of them played the guitar, one played the piano and the last sang. They played very loud but their music was nice to listen and dance. I have see many dancing people during their performance. My suggestions for the next summer’s concerts are to keep the direction. Everybody who listened to those concerts was happy. I asked a few questions and a woman above me said that she loved it and want such a kind of events every year. I enclose a short movie I have recorded. Yours sincerely Renata

Nowadays many large international companies offer their staff the opportunity to spend a period of time living and working in another country In my opinion this is good opinion to develop companies and make it grown up, also it can be prove their staff more skills and have more knowledge by this way. Everyone known the world that we live in is a faster like the higher speeding weel, change every day. The companies need to move ahead and stateges need to shift. their leader, managers, technologers, and more staff need to study more. It will be have a high level after a period of time studing. I think more advantage for companies and for staff spend a period of time living and working in another country. There are more multiple couture in another countries. transport and economice bring us big way to easy to living and working in another country. Just keep going progress with learning more from another country, you can gain richfull knowledge and skills. Eventually you can find the would will rewards you. and the international companies which you work to will be bigger and stronger!

Dear Sir, I appreciated your time in help me, by beeing my coach. I though write a letter will help you to meet me better and optimize our process. I have being working in marketing area for over ten years. I started in a Junior position and my last role I was working as marketing coordinator, leader of a group of fine persons. Althoug I have a vast experience in field, I continue to study, now I am a student at Adelaide University, doing a Master Degree in Marketing. I was wondering if you could help me understand how representative is the e-commerce in this company and introduce me to the time. I send to you an invitation for our first meeting. I had checked your agenda before. But, please, feel free to suggest another day. And let me know if you any addicional information. I want to thank you in advance for making time for coach me through this process. Start a role in a new company can be very chalenging. Regards, Bianca Goncalves

Vitamins play a vital role for a healthy life. We can get all the vitamins we need from having a healthy balanced diet. Instead, Some people Spend large amount of money on vitamin pills. Firstly, Some people believe that they don’t get enough vitamins from their diet. So, they spend more money on vitamin pills. In fact, our body doesn’t need more than what we need. They believe taking vitamin pills on top of a healthy diet makes them more healthier without knowing the facts. Secondly, some people don’t like fruits and vegetables and they don’t get enough vitamins. In this case, with doctors advice they spend more money on vitamin pills. People Can get enough vitamins through a balanced diet. They can get enough vitamins by eating more vegetables and fruits. Vitamins are essential for all, especially growing children. Encouraging them by different tactics would make them eat healthy diet. For example, place colourful vegetables and fruits in a ‘face’ shape on their plate would attract them to try to eat. Teaching them from very young age to eat healthy foods are necessary for a healthy life. Moreover, awareness should be create about our diets and health. People can get ideas and knowledge about vitamins by watching videos and reading books that are relevant to vitamins and vitamin intakes. Additionally, people should be aware that taking vitamin pills without doctor’s advice is not advicable. Having said that, yoga can also helps a person to eat healthy. People whoever practices yoga in daily life said that, after practicing yoga they cannot put any unhealthy foods on their body. In conclusion, we can get enough vitamins by eating healthy diet like vegetables and fruits. Children should be encouraged from very young age to consume vegetables, fruits and milk or milk products (if they are tolerant to lactose). People should always Consider their doctors before taking vitamin pills. I believe that people can save more money if they started eating a healthy diet and not spend on vitamin pills which they don’t require.

The first table shows changes in total population of New York city from 1800 to 2000. In 1800, New York's population was 79.216 then in 100 years the population sharply increased as over 4 times in 1800. Next 100 years, it still became more as it increased over twice as much as in 1800. Other two tables show changes of population in five different areas in New York. In 1800 Manhattan has 60.515 On the other hand other four areas, Brookly, Bronx, Queens and Staten Island had only 18.701. Manhattan has almost three times more than group of other four cities also. It had 76% of population in New York. It tells us Manhattan was the busiest city in New York. In 1900, Manhattan's populat increased sharply however, other broughs had bigger change. Population rate rise dramatically as 1587.109. In 2000 other broughs had 6471.089 and 81% of population of New York. On the other hand Manhattan's population has dicreased and it became only 19% of New York population. Last 200 years people chose to live differant cities in New York.

Access to pure clean water is for sure a necessary right for all human beings. It is one of the things needed to survive on this planet. Now, some people might argue that only and only water is required and the state of cleanliness of it should be a secondary thing to ensure, while other argue that there is no point in having water which, in some cases is not clean. can result to be fatal. However all this debate comes down to one point whether or not this water shall be free of cost for humans. Let us look at it from a more fimiliar approach. All humans on earth have free will and a sight to life; what will happen if one day someone comes up to us and says that is is he or she who owns the air that we breathe in and just like that forces us to pay for over lives. This would not be acceptable to any human and they would be taking measures against. Just like that our earth was created with all the water it had even before humans came into existence hence proving us that no person or no government is the sole protector of the earth's water resources. Water was created for the dwellers of soil and creatures of the sea and all mankind to utilize. The creator of it did not ask us to pay for it by any means of money then who are we to charge for such a basic thing which we do not even own? We all have seen countries going to war claiming the ownership of the water resources and if one of them does win all the effort goes down to nothing when in the end they tax their own countrymen for it. It is clear that access to clean water is a basic human right. Therefore every home should have water supply is free. It is the responsibility of the authorities to look after the needs of the people as it them who declared clean water as a basic right.

If we look at the pictures we will see how Beechwood Farm has changed along the time. Years ago, in 1950, Beachwood Farm was a tipycal farm. A track crossed the farm, so farmers could reach the barn and the farmhouse passing by the fruit trees, and the place where the soft fruits and the vegetables were growing. At the opposite side of the truck, was the field where the sheeps were situated. That was close to the farmhouse, were chickens were also situated. All the farm was sourrounded, at the south, by a river. Nowadeys, the farm has suffered changes. Modern life brought to the farm some needs to survive. The main change was the road that replaced the track. Now is easyer to arrive any place in the farm. There is a parking zone near the road where the sheeps used to eat grass. We can also find a camping field and Solar panels in that zone. Another parking zone can be find where the solar panels are situated. Just in front of the first parking zone we can see a farm shop. The old barn was replaced for a holiday cottoges, and relocated close to the chickens, near the river. Lot of things have changed since 1950, and Beechwood Farm is not an exception. Modern times had come, and everyone had to be adjusted to new ways of living. We still have Beechwood Farm, but a new sophisticated and modern one.

In today's world, education is a must to every child and individual across every country. The duration of summer holidays became a major thing in terms of priority in some countries like in middle eastern location. Where as cold countries which experience long winters have concentrated less on summer holidays giving only few weeks for summer vacations. On the other side, a regular family would like to spend most of the time in summer holidays by travelling to their homeland, meeting their relatives and seek long durations for summer, so that children can spend valuable time with cousins and relatives making valuable memories. On the other hand, some parents who work 365 days would find it difficult to take care of children during summer holidays as they have to work and prefer shorter period of holidays. This has become a major problem and is affecting children in a bad way. Childhood is to cherish some good valuable memories along with studies. Longer summer breaks allow the children to make time to visit family relatives and this early relationship helps to maintain a stronger bond for the rest of the life. Once they are out of school, they have to work and make a living for themselves where they won't find time for their loved ones. Coming to shorter school holidays, they help the children from falling back in studies (or) having interest. With longer duration of holidays children take a lot of time to get back their concentration after the school starts. It has both positive and negative side to it. Shorter school holidays help the student to maintain concentration, performance but at the same time they won't form special bonds which are really important. From my perspective, maintaining strong relationship bonds is more important than just education which requires a longer duration of summer holidays.

The illustration show information about a public library in a city which called Little Charfont. The member of library is mostly compose by Adults. It is around in half, the rawest is adults 65 and over. Fiction is the most popular category either children or adults. Both of them are recorded by 38%. Wheras, nonfiction is less popular than fiction. It is 13% and 6% for children. The visualisation's categories, such as DVDs and audio books are lowest in the same binding which is total number of loans. The bar is starting as the lowest in 2007. It is about 15,000. However, It has been slowly rised up until 2011. Unfortunately, It is likely to decrease as 2009 during 2012 to 2013. Nevertheless, It has been surprisingly increased by 2016. In 2016, It break new record In the chart. It could be about 21,000!

Many people nowadays have decided to stop flying or to limit the amount of times they use this form of transport. This will undoubtedly have great benefits for the environment, but it may mean that for individuals or businesses this can translate to higher expenses. I believe the disadvantages for individuals and businesses would be greater than the effects on the environment. This essay will discuss advantages and disadvantages of this. Environmental benefits of reduced air travel would have a direct effect in the amount of pollution in the air, which would mean a greener planet. However, this would also mean a rise in the use of other types of transportation. For example, if the amount of cars, buses or trucks on the road increases this also means greenhouse gas emissions increase too. On the other hand, for individuals or businesses this could mean higher travelling costs, as well as lengthy trips and possible delays in reaching their destinations. All of this can affect the companies resources and even possibly cause them to lose business deals, or not even commence them due to restricted trading times. Higher costs for companies can cause job cuts which can have devastating effects for families. In conclusion, I believe the disadvantages on individuals and businesses caused by a reduction in air travel are far greater. The potential implications for companies of higher travel and shipping costs, could reflect losses that can eventuate in job cuts. The effects on the environment would not be enough to merit such a drastic culture change and possibly pollution levels could rise as a result of the increase on other contaminants.

The given diagram describes the process of manufacturing bamboo fabrics. Overall, the process includes a few main stages, which are showen on the diagram and are numbered from 1 to 8. The first stage, obviously, consists of planting and growing bamboo plants, usually happening in spring. The second phase, We could say harvesting one, is happening in the middle part of the year in autumn. Bamboo stems are cutting off by the season workers, collecting and sendening to the special plants during this period. In the plants, what are showed a the third and the forth stages. on the diagram, the bamboo stems are cutting into long strips, then produced strips are crushing to make liquid pulp. During the next phase these pulp is filtering through the special types of sieves to separate long fibres from liquid. Then the fibres, filtered by previous step, are being undergone through the softenning procedure. This procedure includes adding water and amine oxide. The seventh stage is the sppinning the soften fibres to make a strong bamboo thread. Produced yarns might be used to make fabric, which is the last - eighth phase, by weaveing them using special equipment.

The way many of us are dressed today is believed to be affected by the fashion industry. The reason why it is so importent for some people to choose their clothes according to the trends may be in our dependence on what is popular at the moment which is a double-edged sword. Of course, trying to keep up with modern fads consumes pretty much time and energy, but is it really that negative in terms of maintainig individuality? To my mind, it is not. Not surprisingly, global fashion has influenced people's tastes in clothing a great deal. We all see those celebrities on TV and on the Internet boasting their brand new outfit making many men and women jealous. Would blond hair in concert with a white dress have been so popular back in the day if it had not been for the voloptious Marlyn Monroe? world-wide famous fashion designers keep surprising consumers with their wild imagination producing more and more types of style. For instance over-sized winter coats have drawn attention not only from the youth but from the middle-aged as well. Fashions by many are believed to dictate people how to look. They impose new styles, and some people wear certain clothes just because another designer told them to do so. Looking on the bright side, there's absolutely no harm in getting advice from the fashion industry on what to wear this season. Moderation is the key. Do not overdo it. If you put on a garment that is really comfortable and suitable for you, it does not really matter whether it is fashionable or not. Your individuality won't be hurt if you simply like something that is in trend.

Dear Risham, Good morning! Long time no see, hope you doing well. Do you still remember me? I am singing genius, that was a nickname you gave me 13 years ago. Also, for sure. I miss you so much! As you know, we were left college for about 10 years. So I want to celebrate this 10th anniversary with our classmate and friends. Honestly, I do no know what should we do at first: but I remembered that in the last month of our college lives, Jessica let us to wrote a letter to the 10 years later’s us. I think this letter can be the theme of our anniversary. Moreover, we can bring some gifts to our firends and classmates. This will be a great chance to remind our enjoyful and lovely teenager school lives. I’m really curious about the letter, I can’t remember anything of the letter. I really hope I did not write nay embrassing events. However, could you please help me to contact with Jessica and ask her about the letters? If you can I will really appreciate that. Meanwhile, I’m going to contact with Jasmeen and Annie, they were the “Social Queen” of our school; they might can help us to contact with our classmates and friends. Then we can build a group chat to discuss the details of our 10th anniversary. Talk to you later! I really want to say that again: I really miss you! See you later! Your Bestie, Singing Genius.

I absolutely agree that everyone should have hobbies, at any stage of their life. As “hobby”, I consider any activities tha someone do for pleasure purposes only. For example, children and young adults have their time at school, they do different sorts of activities, but they have a educational purpose. Children and young adults should be able to get home and do something only for fun. Even when the activity involves learning something, when it’s a hobby, there’s no pressure, no stress, only the fact that they’re doing what they enjoy, for fun. Such as playing an instrument, or only listening to music, playing outdoors with friends, painting, playing sports, etc. A hobby can involve commitment, or not. In my case, I used to play with friends on the street when I was a kid. This was my hobby. As I was growing up, I started to listen to music and play guitar and found myself enjoying other hobbies. The same applies for retired people. They should all have hobbies in their lifes. After so many years spent mostly working, it’s great for them having some activities to focus on. But, again, no pressure involved. Retired people usually have more free time to spend doing what they actually enjoy, so, if they have the chance, the should accumulate as many hobbies as they can and relax during retirement. People then might find easy to say that kids, teenagers and retired people should have hobbies, since they usually have more free time. But what about working people? Yes, they definitely should have hobbies, and I would say that they need those. Bring a working person nowadays it’s not easy. People spend several hours at work, on the way to work, on the way back home, taking care of their family, cleaning their houses, doing shopping, cooking the next day’s lunch, etc. They’re plenty of tasks that can’t be skipped, so, when do these people enjoy themselves and do something for fun? It’s important to have this in mind and value any free time doing any sort of hobby that make them feel relaxed, instead of productive. Working people are the ones who mostly need a hobby, so they can enjoy life as it should be enjoyed, with no pressure, deadlines or bosses. Just doing something because it makes them feel good.

Dear Matilda, Thank you for your question in related on study abroad as you know. Well, I went to griffith university in Australia in 2015. I studied nursing and it took me four and half years to achieve. However, finally I graduated in the early of february 2020. As you know, study abroad is challenging. My first day in Australia was annoying. I did not have any friends to comunicate with. So rang my mom and talk with her. But, a month later I got along with many international friends. The reason I chose to study overseas was that the education system in Australia is better in our own country. There were lots of practical rather than theory. And also the lectures and students are friendly and helpful. Studying abroad is helpful because it easy to get a job. I have being working in Timorese International hospital for two years. Good luck.

I do think family owned businesses have more advantages than disadvantages. For businesses ran by family members, the members feel a strong sense of pride for the business and in that regard they are more vested in the positive outcome of the business. Meanwhile if the business has primarly employees running the business, for them it is just a pay-check. The success of failure of the business is not their responsibility. Therefore it may less likely be that a family owned will fail. One may argue however that the family members may not posess the required skill set for a particular job and that may spell disaster for the company. Hence it will be best to outsource the job to more qualified candidates. As true as this may be, the family has the option of choosing a member to be trained to fill specific roles. Another advantage of a family owned business is, the children are exposed to the business from very early in their lives. They are able to experience the inner workings of the company from different levels, this in turn would translate into a greater appreciation for the business. Currently I work for a large company which by in large a family owned company. The company has been around for more then 50 years, they have weathered many different economic climates and are able to still remain relevant in the business sphere. This is mainly due to the fact that the business has remained in the family. With its humble beginings the business has been able to generate wealth for over 4 generations.

Dear Mr Smart, I am... ..., the manager of K entertainment company. I am writing to invite you to the new theatre we are going to open soon. The new theatre is buiit for both new actor and musician who are talented but have not given any opportunities and public who would like to enjoy new cultural experiences. The famous architect Mr oh drew this building and a variety of people from different fields joined to this project to be completed. Finally, this newly built theatre is going to open on 17 March. I was wondering if you could come and join to the new start of it. I understand you are very hectic with a lot of schedules but it would be greatly appreciated if you could come and congratulate this new start. It will be very meaningful time for not only you but also audiences who know you effort as you have been funderising for some organizations that suffer from finance issues but pass the cultural services over. I hope you can come and enjoy together this openning. I look forward to hearing from you soon. Regards,

Eternal youth has always been some type of desired myth on every civilization. Even if science has already proven that it is impossible for humans to stop the process of getting older, it is possible, on a surface level, to make this process less visible. Nowadays there are tons of brands and laboratories especialised on products that retard the natural aging of our skin. The primary components on those types of products are collagen and hyaluronic acid, which is great, because our organism already produces those naturally, but as we get older, it decreases the productions, causing flacid and dull skin. The big concern on this topic is the beauty standarts and how it affects peoples self steem. It is not seen, anymore, as a natural, human thing to get the appearance of being old. On platforms such as Instagram and Youtube, there are a lot of content creators that advertise products of that kind and reinforce that the real beauty is to be young. On that note, as much as it is not dangerous and unhealthy, on a phisical level, to use those products — when we talk about those that are tested and approved by vigilance organisations — it is very compromising for people’s mental health to be subjected to this extent of standart, one that makes them think that a natural process shouldn’t be happening to them. On another side, we have the treatments made on clinics, and those can be seen as dangerous. Modifying their bodys and injecting substances on them are the easiest way for people to mantain the youth, - again, on a surface level — but the real question is, at what cost, what good can this give them? None, should be the answer, but people go throught any pain to be accepted.

Dear Sir or Madam, I am writing with regards to your service, which I solicited and made use of on August 10th. All things considered, I would say that I am highly satisfied with the work your company has done. First of all, the punctuality of the employees was remarkable. Once they arrived in the location, the job proceeded smoothly. By midday, all of the furniture was correctly tied up and ready to be relocated. I especially appriciated the help offered by Ted Stone who single-handedly secured all of the sharp objects before carrying them to the truck. Unfortunately, there has been one aspect of the service which I was absolutely unsatisfied with: the price. As far as I am concearned, if the customer is asked to cover the gas expences, the amount of money that you canrge should be considerably lower. In summary, even though I strongly suggest a 20% reduction of the final cost, I absolutely recommend your service. If it is needed again it the near future, I will come to you at once. Yours faithfully,

In our modern world we face huge social differences. Some countries are incredibly rich while others are terribly poor. People who were lucky to be born in wealthy countries spend too much on food and clothes. Why does it happen? I believe there are at least three reasons for this. First of all the amount of advertisement they receive via TV, Instagram, Youtube, you name it. People see a variety of outits that is offered with a discount, so they continue to buy more clothes. Sometimes they wear it once or even let it wait for the perfect moment that will never comes in the closet. Second reason is poor financial health. People do not know how to save and invest money, so they spend the better half of their salary at the nearest store. The third reason is the events any big city offers. Those who visit cinemas, restaurants, bars, concerts want to look chic. So you simply have to spend money on your looks in big cities. How can we stop buying clothes we do not need? I think you could watch less add on TV, be yourself, buy only comfortable thing. If you need to attend an event, do purchase clothes you will be ale to wear in your everyday life. By the way decluttering is a moder thing to do now. It saves your home from extra clothes and things and it also saves your money for travelling! Do become a minimalist traveller!

The line graph highlights data about how many people participated in 5 various activities at one social club in Melbourne, Australia for the first two decades of XXI century. Overall, over the years more participants got involved in activities on Table tennis and Musical plays, while Amateur dramatics lost its interest for public. Being flactuated, two types of activities, which are Film club and Martial arts levelled off. Another striking point is that over a twenty – year period between 2000 and 2020, the Film club kept its position as the most popular activity. Looking at the details of Table tennis, in 2000, there were about 15 participants in club for it. In the next 10 years, it attracted 5 more members, before dramatic surge from 20 to below 60 participants. In 2005, the activity on Musical performances introduced and over the following 15 years, it saw a steady increase on the number of participants by about 20 in the last year. Regarding next two activities, Film club and Martial arts, the saw fluactions, but without any changes in the overall position. Film club started the process with about 60 members and finished it just below 70, while the participants of Martial arts kept their numbers at around 35. The number of participants of amateurs on draturgy was about 25 and it saw a steady decrease then by 10.

In my opinion competition at work, at school and in daily life can both be a good thing and a bad thing. Why? because I think too much of anything can be destructive. Yes, it’s a very good thing to be competitive but don’t overdo it! Having no competition in your life at all can be very depressing, because you have no motivation, no goals you want to achieve, everytime you wake up in the morning. I don’t believe that there is such thing as “co-operating” too much, when you work with someone you should work together as a team and co-operate, but also do things for yourself, like something career-wise. You should think of your future in your work. That goes the same if you are still in school, take my school life for example. If I am very good at one subject in particular, lots of other student may come up to me and ask for pointers. I would be very glad to help them. If there is any homework, school mates may come over to do it together. this is also fine and very good for building relationship. But sometimes there are people who think you are so nice and ask you to do their work for them. This is where you should draw the line, yes you are friends and you should help each other, but that doesn’t mean that you have to do their homework or give them answer when there is a test. Remember life is a competition, be a winner.

The maps give the information about the improvement of the Porth Harbour from 2000 to today. The first impression is that the Harbour today made use of more areas than in the past. It can be seen that there are several areas that still stay the same today as in 2000. These include the Carpark and the Showers and Toilets which are located in the north west of the map. However, one more Showers and Toilets are built between the two Carpark today. Besides, the Porth Harbour today also has one more Passenger ferries which right next to the left of the existing one from 2000. Moreover, an area for Cafés and shops is added next to the Lifeboat one. Another significant difference is the relocation of the Marina (private yachts) and the fishing boats areas. Today, the Marina is moved down to the place of the old Fishing boats area to have more space and vice-versa, the Fishing boats area is relocated at the old Marina area. The last noticeable change in this Harbour is the Construction in the South East. The disused old Castle was destroyed and a new Hotel was built there today and another Hotel Is also added in the Private beach area. Overall, even that the harbour still keeps some areas unchanged, there are many reconstructions and improvements for the Porth Harbour today.

I personally disagree with the issue whether the working days should be one day less. By no means should we make the weekend three days long. There are two aspects that support my point of view. First of all, now all over the world are facing an unprecedented economic recession caused by COVID-19. Many factories are forced to close and the shops shut down. The economic loss is substantial. Nevertheless, with the advent of vaccine, I perceive that now people can go back to their work. This would certainly be conducive to our economy. If we reduce one day from work, even just from a week, it would cause repercussions on our society in terms of the development of economy. Secondly, I am used to do my leisure activities in Saturday and Sunday. If there is one day more, I would wonder what to do on that day, and that means I have to rearrange my weekend plans. I think it would be tiring. Most importantly, I come to admit that, too some degree, I am a workaholic. I cannot even image if I am separated from my favourite place – my office. It is the place where I retreat to when I feel anxious and want to get rid of everything. Working, indeed, gives me a sense of achievement and contentment. I, therefore, would oppose to the idea of cutting one working day. Though some people may argue that they need one day more in the week to reduce their stress from work, it could be harmful to our economic growth in this harsh time. Also, I believe that many people are used to the current working system, which provides two days for break. The sudden change will make people contused. Unless the government enacts a comprehensive policy for this new system, I think the idea does not work, and it would surely brings chaos in our society.

The given diagram illustrates the various stages in the process of producing ethanol, a kind of biofuel. Overall, there are about 9 main phrases in the ethanol production, starting with growing plants and tress, and finishing with supplying ethanol for transportation and gas mission. At the first stage in the process of making ethanol, a large number of trees and plants are grown. Thanks to the source of energy from sunlight and carbon dioxide from humman and transportattin, plants and trees grow up and are haverested when they are mature enough. After being collected by machine, they are put into another machine where slice them into small pieces to form cellulose. This step is call pre-processing. In the following stage, cellulose are taken to a factory where “processing” stage occurs. Subsequently, Sugars are extracted from original cellulose before microbes are added to make ethanol. It is then used as a tupe of fuel for a lot of means of transportation such as cars, trucks, airplanes. Finally, a huge amount of carbon dioxide which is released into the air become energy for process of “photosynthesis” of plants and trees.

Saving money for the future is always a very good idea. First of all money is something that is needed in almost all areas in life. Whether you are young or old you need money to buy everyday things like food, clothing, etc. living etc. young people are often full of enthusiasm about their future. They are looking forward to their first job, to meeting new people or to getting to know as much of the world as they can. Many tend to live in the present rather than in the future so that they don’t always plan ahead. When you people get older and settle down they realize that buying a house, starting a family or caring for your health takes up a good considerable amount of money and everybody who began saving money in younger years is glad to have done so. However, saving money is not always possible. Sometimes unforeseen expenses cannot be avoided, life situations are suddenly changing or there is never even enough money available even for the most necessary things. So how could you save money for the future in this case? In general, you have to ask yourself what your priorities in life are. What are the things you cherish most? Is it more important for you to plan ahead or do you prefer to just enjoy the moment that you live in? Everybody has to make own choices and to consider what is really essential for him or herself. In any age taking a moment to f reflect on your life and looking back at the things you have already done is always a good thing to do. If you know yourself well and about all the things that really make you happy you will be able to make the right decisions in financial issues as well as other areas in life. In what way money plays an important role will be easy to be found out then. Perhaps you need less than you first thought years ago.

The table and chart provide information about the location and different types of dance class undertaken by young people in Australia. The chart says In Private Studios 48% young people are taking dance classes. And in community halls and other 18% folks are taking dance classes And other location. After school classes 24% people are taking classes and other last one location college based studios these are 10% percent people Taking classes. The table reveal in Ballet type dance 600 students under age of 11 learning. And 300 age of 11-16 are learning. And 420 students age of 11-16 learning and last type of Dance Modern these are 515 students are learning who are under age of 11 and 300 other students who are age of 11-16. To conclusion in Private Studio the numbers of people much higher than other locations. And type of ballet dance classes number of student Much higher in under age of 11 than other type of dance classes.

Today there are a lot of different shops where we can buy all kind of stuff produced all over the world. Is it right to buy food produced in other countries? Is this idea useful for people nowadays? I suppose this to be a good idea. When supermarkets and even small shops provide people food from abroad then there are much more possibilities for us to choose something. When shops have only food and things produced in our country, it is really hard to make a good choise. Sometimes people want to try something new and interesting maybe even something extraordinary which they never buy before. In this cases food which is produced in other countries will help them to be satisfied with their demands. When supermarkets have a good suply of different food produced anywhere than people can find delicious things depending on their tastes. For example, people who like French products can buy some kinds of french cheese or wine not only in France. Food from other countries is also very good when you want to buy some fresh vegetables and fruits in winter. It is really useful thing because some people are vegetarians and they need vegetables and fruits during the whole year. The only disadvantage of food which is produced in other countries is the way how it has been delivered. in some cases products can be not so fresh especialy in summer, when it is very hot outside. To sum it up, I can surely say that buying products from other countries is a good thing to become more closer to other culturies. You can certainly cook something unusial at home and it will taste like in very good expensive restaurant somewhere abroad.

Dear Mr. Brent, I hope this letter finds you well. I am writing this letter to request my working hours in Lancom Technology to be reduced to 30 hours from 40 hours in a weekly basic. I am requesting hours change due to study part-time. I have enrolled myself in Diploma of Logistics and Freight Forwarding. The part-time course is to be completed in 2 years time. I would like to work from Monday to Friday from 7am to 1pm, so I could attend my classes on the afternoon session. I hope this arrangement would allow me to gain more skills and knowledges, which I am confidently to contribute to our logistic department. Besides, the society exposure from lecturers and fellow schoolmates could contribute to our logistic network. I am appreciate if you could look into this request and approve it. I am delighted to have face-to-face meeting with you to discuss any alternative. Please do not hesitate to contact if you have any question. I am looking forward to hearing from you. Thank you. Yours sincerely.

Photography is actually be come trend. Now a day due to impact of Social Media People are not looking at the place they visit but rather concentrate on taking photographs of the place thinking that they will post them on facebook or instagram. They get a different kind of pleasure when they get more likes on their posts in the Social Media. These are many reasons behind??? the fact that people have access to camera and internet and social media at their fingertips they have forgotten the value of the nature of the place they are visiting. There are negative and positive impact over this situation. Firstly when we look at good things it is good that the Technology has given an advanced accebility to the high speed internet in our pockets and high defination cameras at a cheapest price. This helps us to capture all that we need immediately. Secondly, there is no skill or learning of a certification required for that, even a kid is able to capture beautiful pictures using Mobile Phones. Thirdly, it is giving opportunity as not to miss any thing that we capture to share at affortable price. Though there are positive aspects for this practices, as bad also follows good, there are negative points that we need to think about as well. One among these is privacy, when we post some of the photographs in social media, Every one will get to know as what is happening our life. The privacy is effected. Secondly it is giving an opportunity for fradster’s to collect information like our address, Date of birth Age and so forth that they can get access to the Banking information and Scam and Rob the Money. To conclude the positive things only give satification but the negative once are the real threats to personal information and individuals life.

Dear Luis, I am writing to inform you that if it is possible can you please tell the couzine to prepare some special traditional food from my country. Which is called baby corn grill for me. This very healthy and sweet as you probably know. We are going to do a physical exercise in the club, I need to have it, because it has a huge benefit for me to against the other team. I had an experience in my country everyone must have this dish and they have done a good job, because of the digestive of the food. However, you must not eat a lot because it contains variaty of proteins. Just normal grill without any seasoning and addictives. You should remember to let them know about that if not I will not do my best in this event. Hopefully it’s ready before we start. I look forward to hearing from you as soon as possible. Kind regards,

Nowadays it is becoming more difficult to find the necessary time to do the home work. Even tasks as simple as cleaning the house and cooking the dinner or as important as childcare, are being delegated to third parties such as nannies or private companies. Some people could say it is helpful to have someone who support ourselves at home. Not only because we usually do not have time to do it, but because we can promote jobs for other people. However I strongly believe that we should spend less hours at the office and much more hours at home. Doing that we should be able to carry on all the duties we use to have in the houses. I think there certain activities we should not pass to others. For instance, taking care of our children. This is something that we, as parents, should do for ourselves. No one else could provide the kids all the love, understanding and friendship that a mother or father give to them. I remember that when I was a child, my mother quit her job and she dedicated all her time and effort to look after my brothers and I. Now, I realized that it was an invaluable time impossible to have with somebody else different from our own mother. Summarizing, even though some people found useful to have others helping us in our duties at home, I think we should do it for ourselves because it provides valuable time at home. So that we should work less and spend more time sharing with our families. No matter if it is household chores or looking after children.

Dear Mr Banks As you know, my 6 month lease is about to expierd next month and I’m writing to you with a request to extand it for 6 more month, as my sircumstents had changed. When I just arrived to Adelaide I wasnt sure that i’ll be able to stay more then 6 month. I got a 6 month contract with my work place and that was suppuse to be it. Last week my boss who is apperoutly have a good imprassion of me, ask me to stay and maunage another project here in the city. So, if it’s possible, i’ll love to extand ower agreement. I really love the apartment, the view is lovely and the nightbrohood is friendly, although I do have one problem? The back door is broken and i’ll aprishiate you help in that metter, espisialy if I’m going to stay throw the winter, which I understan can be quit cold and windy around here. Thank you very much

Yes, this is a positive trend, but when you know about that manufacturer company, about their service, quality, quantity etc. If you buy goods from you known brand then it is good for you because you get good product. Goods are produced in local areas are cheaper than imported gods. There is a big price difference in local and imported goods. All people are not reached so those who are not afford imported goods they automatically turn to local goods. If you buying any goods from our local brand then the money remain in our area & this is very helpful to make our economy strong. We have to buy only those product that made or produced in our area because it gives money, job to our area. There are verious frouad companies selling duplicate of first copy imported goods. So this is also the one reason or kind of fear for not buying imported goods. There are verious charges applied when we buy imported goods and for local goods there are no such charges or taxes applied. Hear I would like to share my experience. I buy a jeans of Lewis brand of rs 4000 after some days the colour of pant become lighter day by day, I feel very bad because I invest 4000 rs on jeans only because Lewis is an imported brand, then I thought if I buy jeans from local area then I get 4 jeans in 4000 & I realised I did mistake & from that day I choose to buy goods that are produced in my local area rather than imported goods. I suggest you that, I you want to be a part of our developing country then buy goods from our local brands this helps to keep our money in our country.

Dear Sir. I am writing to ask for a permition about changing my position. As you know, I have already work in sales department for two years which let me learn a lot of skills of sales and helped me becoming the best sales man the season. However, I would like to require moving to Design department and I would state my reason in the following paragraphs. First of all, I would like to thank you for giving me many chances to equip my sales skills, such as negociating with clients, promoting product and most importantly, getting over fears of meeting strangers. However, inspite of sales skills, I eager to learn more skills in the company. Especially, I am always interest in design our company’s product. Moreover, I have got some certificates from self learning and understand some design skills when I was asistanted my colleage from design department. Besides, I really love this company. The environment and working feeling are perfect here. So, those are why I am keen to stay in this company. Thanks you for your reading and I look forward to hearing from you soon. Yours faithfully,

It is always a debatable topic whether photographers should follow famous people to get information about their lives. One class of people says it is good and photographers should do it while another class comments that it is not good to interferes someone’s life. Before giving my opinion, I would like to discuss both the view points in detail as given in coming paragraphs. There is one group of people who believe that photographers should always follow well known celebrities and try to get photos and information about their life. As the fans of that particular celebrity are very interested in such news and information. By getting this type of details, fans would love to follow that person’s habits, style, clothing, etc. For example, one of my friend Ketul is a big fan of famous filmstar Salman Khan. He used to follow him and wearning same clothes, Keeps similar hairstyle as Salman Khan is having. One more reason is that the photographers taking pictures of such famous personalities and spreading it via different social media makes that person more famous. In many cases, that celebrities like this thing. On the other hand, another group of people believe that photographers should not do this. Following someone and taking pictures of his/her personal life is wrong. Celebrities are also a human being. They also want some space apart from their career. There are some cases where these personalities were upset and angry on photographers for doing this. For example, in December 2011, Priyanka Chopra (a famous actress) field a case against a photographer for the same. In conclusion, I would like to say that the photographers should do this but with the permission of that celebrities. Taking pictures of someone without informing is always wrong. Getting pictures of famous personality is people’s demand and famous people should always satisfy his/her fans by allowing photographers to take their pictures.

The line graph illustrates the proportion of urban citizens in Philippines, Malaysia, Thailand and Indonesia between 1970 and 2020, with the expected population in 2030 and 2040. Overall, it can be easily seen that all four countries has a dramatic rise in population, starting at the lowest point in 1970 and being projected to reach the peak in 2040. Malaysia and Indonesia saw a slightly rise in population, respectively from 30 to about 45 and around 12 to over 20 percent from 1970 to 1990. After that, both countries has climbed rapidly until now before being predicted to continue increasing for the next 20 years. After almost remaining in the 70s, Philippines percentage increased dramatically to reach about 47 percent on 1990 and dropped to 40% in 2010. Then, this country faced slightly rise in 2020. Meanwhile, Thailand reached approximate 30% in 1990 and saw not much changes until 2020. Both two countries are projected to increase in population in 2030 and 2040.

Scientific developments are occurring at a great rate but some of them do not seem to be of help to people. In fact, sometimes scientific innovations are regretted by those who invented them. This essay will argue that science should never harm people but scientists should aim to further their understanding as much as to improve people's lives. On one hand, there is a strong argument that the public good should be the top priority for scientists. They are the ones who have the potential to make discoveries and invent things that can change the world. Electricity, modern medicine, telecommunications and the internet are just some of the scientific innovations that have changed lives for the better. On the other hand, sometimes scientists do research just in the hope of adding to their knowledge. While they should make absolutely sure that their experiments do no harm, they may not know until they have finished how their findings will be used and whether they will improve people's lives. The scientist Nobel invented dynamite to help with mining, not knowing that it would one day be used in weapons, and the scientist who discovered the life-saving drug penicillin did so quite by chance. Overall, it seems that science should improve the lives of people and that ought to be one of its aims. However, knowledge and discovery are aims in themselves and are just as important for scientists. Sometimes scientists do not know how their scientific breakthroughs will be used until their work is done.

The graph illustrats the data of different levels of annual wage of families in the united states in 2007, 2011 and 2015. As far as the number of families whose annual income was less than $25,000, it began with around >5 million in 2007, then increased to approximately 27 million in 2011, but decreased by 2 million 4 years later. Similarly, those of families that earned $25,000 to $49,999 were about 25 million in 2007, after that it rose to nearly 30 million in 2011. Finally it decreased to around 27 million in 2015. By contrast, the groups of families which have high income, including $75,000 to $99.999 and $100,000 or more, experienced a drop in 2011, but their data went up in 2015. Interesting things could be seen in the group of middle income, the data remain the same in 2007, 2011 and 2015.

Students attend university to improve their prospects and find suitable employment after graduation. For this reason, some feel that they should focus all their energy on their main subjects to gain a relevant qualification. Others want a more well-rounded education, so they try to learn about additional subjects. It is perfectly reasonable for students to enter university with a strong sense of curiosity and a desire to learn as much as possible. Unfortunately, we tend to put subjects into artificial boxes, suggesting that business, art and science are not connected. If students become too focused on a single area, it may stifle their initial curiosity, limiting their potential. They could also graduate with a very narrow skill set that doesn't translate well to the current job market, which often favours those who have taken a multidisciplinary approach to their studies. Despite this, caution is certainly needed. The more we learn about a subject, the more complex it becomes. Gaining an in-depth, specialist knowledge of a subject requires a certain level of focus and dedication over a long period. If we try to learn about too many things at once, our knowledge may lack the depth required to obtain a qualification. If they are not careful, young people could begin to lose interest in their main subjects, which would be detrimental to their studies. While learning about other subjects is not necessarily a bad thing, I believe university students should ensure that their main subjects remain the priority so that they do not lose sight of their objective: gaining a qualification. Then they can calculate how much time, energy and headspace they have left for learning about other topics.

The diagrams show Central Library before and after changes were made to its layout. Clearly, the library has been updated to include dedicated spaces for events and now has an open space in the centre. Twenty years ago, to the left of the entrance there was a reading room with newspapers and magazines and to the right there was an enquiry desk. Now there’s a computer room on the left and a café where the information desk once was. Adult fiction has moved to the right-hand side of the room and all reference books are now on the left. There is a smaller information desk with self-service machines in what once was the adult non-fiction section. There was a room at the back left-hand corner that had computer games, CDs and videos that has since been enlarged and houses children’s fiction. It has a space with two sofas where storytelling events are held. There is a lecture room in the back right-hand corner where children’s books used to be.

Statistics show that the world’s population is increasing rapidly. It is expected that most of us will be living in cities within the next few decades. The question of whether urbanisation is a positive or negative development remains controversial. A rapid influx of people moving from rural to urban areas is bound to cause problems. Firstly, pressure on resources such as housing and transportation intensifies. It is becoming difficult for many people to afford adequate housing in cities. A by-product of this is the creation of slums causing low-income families to group together in neglected parts of the city. These people often become trapped in a cycle of poverty that is difficult to escape. As mentioned above, the growth of urban areas can also lead to severe traffic congestion because more and more vehicles travel into the city from the suburbs. This has many knock-on effects, such as problems with air quality. It also leads many city dwellers to experience mental health issues because travelling across large cities is tiring and stressful. All of this being said, I don't believe that urbanisation is a wholly negative development. There are advantages to living in large cities that are well managed. For example, there are more schools which means more education opportunities. Access to higher-quality health care is often better in cities. Some cities have also introduced ride-sharing, e-bikes and park and ride services that reduce environmental problems. My opinion is that many of the problems associated with urbanisation are avoidable but dealing with increasing populations in cities is a formidable challenge. How governments, businesses and society respond to this challenge will dramatically affect the future of our world.

From the line graph, we can see the average monthly rise or fall in how much copper, nickel and zinc cost throughout 2014. Overall, nickel started with the highest percentage change of the three but ended with the lowest. Zinc started with the smallest change and ended with the highest, and copper prices fluctuated. Prices for all three metals dipped in June. In January the price of nickel was up six per cent, but this dropped to negative three percent in June, ending the year with a one percent increase in both November and December. Copper began the year with an increase of two percent and by May, the price was dropping (by slightly less than one per cent). It rose again, increasing by a percentage point in July, August and September. Zinc saw its most dramatic increase in February, with three per cent and the price fell in June (a one percent decrease). The change was negative until October/November when it began to rise.

The population in most parts of the world is ageing; people are living longer and there are fewer younger people in many places as birth rates fall. This phenomenon has pros and cons, but this essay will contend that, on balance, the advantages of having an older population outweigh the negatives. The first issue that occurs to many people when considering the ageing population is the expense. If people live longer, they may have more than 30 years of retirement and may need to be supported financially by the government or their families. If they experience age-related illness, this impacts the health system and takes up resources needed by other people in society. What’s more, when older people are financially independent, it might be hard for younger people if they have to compete to get a foot in the door of the housing market or gain employment. That being said, older people have a lot to contribute in terms of wisdom, experience and skills. Many people are active and productive for longer than their counterparts were 50 years ago and are an asset to the economy and society well into their old age. They are able to work for longer and after retirement they contribute in many ways too, such as by doing charitable work, spending money as consumers and supporting their families. Grandparents often care for their young grandchildren, making it easier for both parents to work. While it is true that an ageing population poses challenges for governments, it is clear that these are outweighed by the significant benefits that elderly people bring to society.

Dear Mia It’s great to hear from you; your project sounds really interesting. I’d be happy to tell you about Tet in Vietnam. Tet is short for Tết Nguyên Đán and it’s our New Year according to the lunar calendar. It’s the first day of spring and it’s usually in January or February. It’s really important to us as it’s a chance for the family to come together and we visit the graves of our ancestors. It’s probably the biggest festival in Vietnam and it’s a public holiday. We say if good things happen on the first day of the new year, the whole year will be full of blessings. I always loved it as a child because I would get a red envelope with money inside it from the older members of the family. Now I like visiting friends and the extended family on the week of Tet and enjoying the lovely candied fruits that we have on this occasion. I hope that helps. Do ask if there’s anything else you’d like to know. All the best

Job seekers often question whether it is better to work for a large or a small company. I would personally prefer to work for a larger company, but I’d like to consider the advantages and disadvantages of both. In general, larger companies can support their employees more effectively because they have access to more resources. These could include higher salaries, end-of-year bonuses, and other perks such as an excellent food service and even sports facilities. Large companies may also contribute more to your professional development, offering regular conferences and training courses. The size of a large company is also an indication of their success, meaning that it can offer greater stability. There is also a better chance for promotion and career development in companies with many departments and a larger management structure. Of course, advancement may not come easily because it is hard to stand out when many employees are vying for the same role. In small companies, you may feel less like a number and that your efforts actually make a difference. You will also need to wear different hats, which helps you develop a skill set that might not be possible in a larger company. The downside is a higher chance of strained relationships because working in close proximity with the same small group of people every day can be challenging. Small companies can also be unstable. If they lose a large account or consumer tastes change, your position could suddenly become precarious. Based on the above, I’d say that the kind of company you work for depends on personal preference, but your future career prospects may be better in a large company.

Dear Sir or Madam, I am excited to be starting work experience at the REN Broadcasting Corporation on 10 June and I would like to thank you very much for this opportunity. I am grateful to have the chance to gain some insight into the industry I wish to work in one day. As I mentioned in my interview, I am especially interested in community television and would love to build on my skills in sound engineering. Besides this, I am hoping to develop my soft skills in areas such as teamwork, problem solving and effective communication. I was wondering if it has been decided which team I will be working with and whether I will have a mentor assigned to me. I would like to prepare ahead of time if possible by doing some research. I also wanted to clarify whether I will be at the studio in Newtown or the headquarters in the city centre. I am looking forward to hearing from you. Kind regards

Some people say that we form an opinion about a person within thirty seconds of meeting them. A person’s clothing, facial expression, and even the way they shake hands can have a profound effect on our judgement. But is this natural human tendency good or bad? There is something unfair about our inclination to judge people too quickly. Many people have had unfortunate life experiences that can affect their confidence when meeting new people. Shyness may make them appear aloof and cold, but this initially icy persona melts away when we allow them a bit of time to warm up. Others do not have the means to dress in a way that leaves an impression. Inevitably, if we write people off too quickly, we could miss out on potential friendships, business opportunities and even romantic relationships. There is another side to this that is also worth considering. We are all aware of the effect first impressions can have. There is even a saying: you don’t get a second chance to make a first impression. Awareness of this reality should motivate us to always treat people in a friendly, respectful manner. If we strive to make a good impression on the people we meet, it increases our overall happiness and sense of well-being. On balance, there is no doubt that judging people too quickly can have negative consequences. But knowing the power of first impressions can keep us on our toes, motivating us to question how we come across to others. Aside from this, the ability to read people quickly could also prevent us from being easily taken in by somebody with ulterior motives.

Dear Sir or Madam I am writing to complain about the information on your website and the service I received at Central Station. Yesterday my elderly uncle and I arrived at Central intending to use the tickets we had purchased online to travel to Newcastle at 5.50pm. Unfortunately, we were told that our tickets were for off-peak and we couldn’t use them. When I bought the tickets, it was not clear on the website that they were just for certain times. This needs to be clarified on your website as I can’t be the only one who has made this mistake. However, what really upset me was the unhelpful manner of the staff. When we asked what to do, instead of helping us to pay the difference and catch our train, the attendant waved us in the direction of a ticket machine with a long queue. We missed our train and waited an hour for the next one. Please train your personnel to be more proactive in future. I hope you find this feedback useful and take it on board. Yours faithfully

It is increasingly common for people to hold down more than one job. Gone are the days when people could rely on one source of income to satisfy all their financial needs. I would like to consider the reasons for this change and outline its advantages and disadvantages. People take on extra work because making ends meet has become so challenging. In recent years the cost of living has risen exponentially, making it a real challenge to break even at the end of the month. Additionally, advertising companies relentlessly promote the idea that more wealth means more happiness, a concept that many people believe. They may take on freelance jobs or weekend work in the hope of improving their lot in life. A person with more than one job may experience several benefits. Diversifying your skills and gaining more experience can make you more employable when negotiating the highly competitive job market. Avoiding putting all your eggs in one basket is also a wise move as you have something to fall back on if one source of income stops. There are also many downsides to this situation. Working for more than one company can quickly leave a person feeling overworked and burnt out. It also leaves limited time for being with family and friends or doing things you enjoy. What’s more, when you are spread too thin, you may produce poor-quality work. Overall, I think it is important to remain balanced. Having an additional source of income can be beneficial if you keep work in its place, but it is not worth damaging your health and relationships for the sake of a slightly larger bank balance.

Dear Ms Karim, Thank you very much again for sending me on the Workplace Safety course. It was valuable training and I now feel a lot more confident that I know how to prevent accidents in the factory. We covered points such as safe storage, keeping access ways clear and fire safety. I can report that I have already used the skills I learned; when I noticed some cables that were a trip hazard and also a large bin that was partially blocking the exit, I was able to identify and fix those problems straight away. I understand that employees who started working with us this year have already received this training as part of their orientation but for those who have been here longer, it would be a good opportunity to refresh and add to their knowledge. It is a well-run course that is very relevant to our workplace and I am grateful for the opportunity. Many thanks

It is true that nothing in life is permanent except change. Changes in society and our own lives are inevitable. We all get older, friends and family move away, and our employment situation can suddenly change. Understandably, many people wish everything could stay the same. In this essay, I would like to consider the reasons for this view and explain why it is better to embrace change. Wanting to feel in control of our lives is perfectly normal. We often feel vulnerable when events in society occur which are beyond our control or when we cannot be sure of the outcome of something. The uncertainty caused by the COVID-19 pandemic is an example of this. Changes in our personal circumstances can also be hard to accept. For example, when a friend or family member moves away, we may experience a deep sense of loss. Ironically, even good changes can bring uncertainty. If we receive a promotion, we may struggle with imposter syndrome and wrestle with a fear of failure. Despite these perfectly natural feelings, I think it is good to embrace change. Since change is unavoidable, it is much better to accept reality than to become consumed by negative thinking. When we remain positive, we may find that a change actually benefits us in the long run. Adapting to change also helps us develop resilience, a quality that can help us face an obstacle and see an opportunity in it. As highlighted above, sooner or later, we will all face change. While change is unsettling, it is vital to keep focused on the positive aspects of our circumstances. Doing so can help us unlock new opportunities we didn’t know were available to us.